Among educational institutions, the University of California was the largest user of the PCT System in 2018 with 501 published applications, extending a leading position it has held since 1993.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology ranked second with 216, followed by China's Shenzhen University, with 201, and South China University of Technology, with 170, and another two from China, Tsinghua University and China University Of Mining and Technology, ranking seventh and tenth respectively.

For the first time in 2018, Chinese universities appeared in the top 10 list, which comprises five universities from the U.S., four from China and one from the Republic of Korea.

Among fields of technology, digital communication (8.6 percent of the total) overtook computer technology (8.1 percent) with the largest share of published PCT applications. These two fields were followed by electrical machinery (7 percent), medical technology (6.7 percent) and transport (4.6 percent).

Among the top 10 technologies, transport, with an increase rate of 11.3 percent, became the field with the highest rate of growth in 2018, which was followed by digital communication, up 10.1 percent, and semiconductors, up 9.8 percent.

"Intellectual property is a critical competitive element in the modern global economy, with everyone ultimately benefiting from this race to create and innovate that results in new products that transform our world and the way people live everywhere," said Gurry. 

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