大国工匠之动物标本剥制师
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A taxidermist and his craft
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姜牧里正在制作野生东北虎的标本。[图片：中国网] |
姜牧里今年54岁，标本剥制师。1979年参加工作,当年他是接父亲班参加工作的。父亲是解放初国内第一代的生物标本的科研人员。毕业于东北师范大学生物系。4岁时就跟跟父亲野外考察，在父亲身上潜移默化的学到了不少东西。
每一个动物标本的制作，都要经过采、剥、泡、晒、磨、填、缝、润等10几道工序才能完成。再小的一件标本，制作之前都要有一张画在纸上的标本草图。这就要求标本剥制师对动物的躯体结构，生活习性；形态造型等要非常熟悉和了解。
1985年从事技术工作之初，姜牧里在制作动物标本时经常受伤。由于日常工作时使用的是三棱手术缝合针，在缝合动物皮张时，经常被针划破。有时伤口不小心带进了防腐剂，皮肤和肌肉就会腐蚀溃烂。处理不干净，伤口就难以愈合。受伤后疼痛难忍。
几年来，姜牧里带领着几个徒弟先后制作了东北虎，金丝猴、金雕、丹顶鹤等动物标本100余件。天上飞的，地上跑的，水里游的，或仰天咆哮，或憨态可掬，各个栩栩如生。动物标本能让人们更好地观察它们，而这在动物园和野生环境中是无法做到的。
随着人类活动范围的扩延，自然界的生态系统不断地发生变化或遭受破坏，野生动物加速灭亡。把死亡的濒危动物，用科学的方法制作成标本进行保存，以备展开深入的科学研究，也是保护野生动物的一种主要方式之一。
Fifty-four-year-old Jiang Muli is a taxidermist at the Jilin Provincial Museum of Natural History. Influenced by his father, a researcher specializing in biological specimens, Jiang has been making animal specimens for 31 years. According to Jiang, a sketch has to be drawn before making a specimen, which requires thorough knowledge of the animal's shape, body structure and habits.
Early in his career, Jiang often got hurt. His skin and muscle even festered when preservatives occasionally dropped into open wounds.
Jiang and his apprentices have made more than 100 animal specimens in recent years. Siberian tigers, golden monkeys, golden eagles and red-crowned cranes are some of the most popular and are extremely lifelike.
Wildlife is facing increasing threats from human expansion. Turning dead endangered animals into specimens for further study is considered a way to protect wildlife.
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