全国人大常委会工作报告(2017)(全文)
Full text: Work report of NPC Standing Committee (2017)

 
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3月8日,全国人大常委会委员长张德江向十二届全国人大五次会议作《全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作报告》。 [新华社]

3月8日,全国人大常委会委员长张德江向十二届全国人大五次会议作《全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作报告》。 [新华社]
Zhang Dejiang, chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC), delivers a work report of the NPC Standing Committee during the second plenary meeting of the fifth session of the 12th NPC at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 8, 2017. [Photo/Xinhua]

全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作报告
——2017年3月8日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上
全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长 张德江

Report on the Work of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Delivered at the Fifth Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on March 8, 2017
Zhang Dejiang
Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress 

各位代表:Fellow Deputies,
现在,我受全国人大常委会委托,向大会报告工作,请予审议。On behalf of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), I will now present to you the report on the work of the Standing Committee for your deliberation.
过去一年的主要工作Major Initiatives of the Past Year
过去一年,在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下,全国人大常委会全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中、六中全会精神,以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导,深入学习贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神和治国理政新理念新思想新战略,坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一,紧紧围绕统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局和协调推进“四个全面”战略布局、贯彻落实新发展理念,认真行使宪法法律赋予的职权,努力发挥最高国家权力机关作用。

Over the past year, under the firm leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the NPC Standing Committee has comprehensively implemented the guidelines from the 18th National Party Congress and those of the third through sixth plenary sessions of the 18th Party Central Committee; followed the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development; and carefully studied and put into practice the principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping's major addresses and his new vision, thinking, and strategies for the governance of China. We have upheld our commitment to integrating leadership by the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country, and law-based governance, and have exercised the functions and powers granted to us by the Constitution and other laws and worked hard in our role as the country's highest organ of state power, focusing closely on the overall plan for balanced economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, on the coordinated advancement of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy,(1) and on the implementation of the new development philosophy.

Note: (1) This refers to making comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance the law-based governance of China, and strengthen Party self-governance.

坚持中国共产党的领导,是党和国家的根本所在、命脉所在,是全国各族人民的利益所在、幸福所在。党的十八届六中全会正式确立习近平总书记为党中央的核心、全党的核心,反映了全党全军全国各族人民的共同心愿。全国人大常委会牢固树立政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识,自觉在思想上政治上行动上同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致,坚持党中央集中统一领导,坚决维护党中央权威,保证党的路线方针政策和党中央决策部署在人大工作中得到贯彻和执行。Upholding leadership by the Party is the foundation and lifeblood of both the Party and the country and affects the interests and wellbeing of all the people of China. At its Sixth Plenary Session, the 18th Party Central Committee formally affirmed that General Secretary Xi Jinping is at the core of the Central Committee and of the entire Party, reflecting the will of all members of the Party, all members of the armed forces, and all the people of China. We have built a keen awareness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, uphold the leadership core, and keep in alignment; closely followed the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in terms of thinking, political stand, and action; upheld the centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee and resolutely safeguarded its authority; and worked to see that the line, principles, and policies of the Party as well as the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee are carried out in the NPC's work.
十二届全国人大四次会议以来,常委会制定8部法律,修改27部法律,通过7个有关法律问题的决定决议,作出1个法律解释,决定将1件法律草案、3件有关法律问题的决定草案提请全国人民代表大会审议,立法工作继续呈现数量多、分量重、节奏快的特点,立法质量进一步提高;检查6部法律的实施情况,听取审议国务院、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院20个工作报告,通过2个决议,开展3次专题询问和5项专题调研,监督工作在实践中不断完善,针对性和实效性进一步增强;审议通过专门委员会关于代表议案审议结果的报告8个、代表资格审查委员会关于个别代表的代表资格的报告7个,决定批准我国与外国缔结的条约、协定以及加入的国际公约7件,决定和批准任免一批国家机关工作人员,人大各项工作在以往基础上又取得新进展新成效。

Since the Fourth Session of the 12th NPC, the Standing Committee has enacted 8 laws, revised 27 laws, passed 7 decisions or resolutions on legal issues, issued 1 legal interpretation, and resolved to present the draft of 1 law and 3 draft decisions on legal issues to this session of the NPC for deliberation. Our legislative work has continued to be characterized by the great number, importance, and pace of activities, and we have further improved the quality of the NPC's legislative work.

We inspected compliance with 6 laws; heard and deliberated 20 work reports from the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate; passed 2 resolutions; and conducted 3 special inquiries and 5 research projects. Through these activities, we have achieved continuous progress in the NPC's oversight work, making it more targeted and effective.

We deliberated and approved 8 reports from the NPC's special committees regarding their examination of deputies' proposals, as well as 7 reports from the Credentials Committee pertaining to its review of certain deputies' qualifications. We ratified 3 treaties and agreements concluded between China and foreign countries as well as China's accession to 4 international conventions, and made decisions on or gave approval to the appointment or removal of a number of officials of state bodies. New advances and achievements have been made in every area of the NPC's work.

一、着力推进重点领域立法、提高立法质量1. We worked hard to advance legislation in key areas and improve the quality of legislation.
立法是全面依法治国的前提和基础。常委会坚持立法先行,紧紧抓住事关改革发展稳定的重大立法项目,紧紧抓住提高立法质量这个关键,一批重要法律相继出台。Effective legislation is a prerequisite and foundation for China's law-based governance. Continuing to make legislation our top priority, we focused on major legislative items important to China's reform, development, and stability, gave great attention to the key task of raising the quality of our legislation, and enacted a number of important laws.
(一)构建国家安全法律制度体系取得重要进展。国家安全是安邦定国的基石。常委会贯彻落实总体国家安全观,坚持从国情和实际出发,保持政治定力,把握立法时机,加快国家安全法治建设。继2014年、2015年出台反间谍法、国家安全法、反恐怖主义法之后,2016年又审议通过境外非政府组织境内活动管理法、网络安全法、国防交通法,审议了国家情报法、核安全法草案等。

1) Major progress was made in developing the system of national security laws.

National security is the foundation of a stable country. Putting into effect the integrative national security concept and giving central consideration to China's conditions and realities, we maintained our political resolve, acted when the time was right for legislation, and worked faster to develop the system of laws related to national security. Following the enactment of the Counter-Espionage Law in 2014 and the National Security Law and the Anti-Terrorism Law in 2015, last year we deliberated and passed the Law on Administration of Activities of Overseas Nongovernmental Organizations in the Mainland of China, the Cybersecurity Law, and the Law on National Defense Transportation, and deliberated the drafts of an intelligence law and a nuclear safety law.

境外非政府组织境内活动管理法将境外非政府组织在中国境内的活动和管理纳入法治轨道,既有利于保护其合法权益,促进正常交流与合作,也有利于依法加强监管,维护国家安全和社会公共利益。网络安全法是网络安全领域的基础性法律。这部法律正确处理网络空间自由和秩序、安全和发展、自主和开放的关系,遵循积极利用、科学发展、依法管理、确保安全的方针,确立了网络安全的各方面基本管理制度。国防交通法是本届全国人大常委会审议通过的第一部国防军事方面的法律,立法目的是促进交通领域军民深度融合发展,提高国防交通平时服务、急时应急、战时应战的能力,更好地服务国家安全和发展战略全局。

The Law on Administration of Activities of Overseas Nongovernmental Organizations in the Mainland of China brings the administration of activities of overseas NGOs in the mainland of China into line with the rule of law. It will help to protect their legitimate rights and interests and promote exchange and cooperation, while also helping to strengthen China's law-based oversight and regulation and safeguard China's national security and public interests.

The Cybersecurity Law is a fundamental law in the field of cyber security. The law establishes basic regulatory systems for all areas of cyber security that ensure the effective utilization, sound development, law-based regulation, and improved security of cyberspace and establish the right balance between freedom and order, security and development, and national governance and international cooperation.

The Law on National Defense Transportation is the first piece of legislation pertaining to national defense deliberated and adopted by this Standing Committee. The purpose of this law is to facilitate closer military-civilian integration in the field of transportation and improve the capabilities of national defense transportation to serve in times of peace, respond to emergencies, and meet challenges in times of war, thus better serving the country's overall strategy for national security and development.

(二)扎实推进民法总则制定工作。编纂民法典是党的十八届四中全会提出的重要立法任务,是推进全面依法治国、完善中国特色社会主义法律体系的重大举措。新中国成立后,我国曾于1954年、1962年、1979年、2001年先后4次启动民法制定工作,前两次由于各种原因而未能取得实际成果;后两次经认真研究,决定按照“成熟一个通过一个”的工作思路,先分别制定民事单行法律,条件成熟时再编纂民法典。适应改革开放和发展社会主义市场经济的需要,我国制定了民法通则,并先后出台继承法、收养法、担保法、合同法、物权法、侵权责任法等一系列民事单行法律。现在,编纂民法典的条件已经具备。常委会研究提出民法典编纂“两步走”的工作思路:第一步,编纂民法典总则编,也就是制定民法总则;第二步,在民法总则出台后,进行民法典各分编的编纂工作,争取2020年形成统一的民法典。

2) Steady progress was made in developing the General Provisions of Civil Law.

The development of a civil code was an important legislative task proposed at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Party Central Committee, and is a move of enormous importance for fully advancing China's law-based governance and improving the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the NPC worked on developing civil law in 1954, 1962, 1979, and 2001, but for a number of reasons efforts in 1954 and 1962 failed to produce real results. The work in 1979 and 2001, through careful consideration, led to the adoption of an incremental approach, whereby individual civil laws were to be formulated first and the civil code was to be developed later when the conditions were right to do so. To meet the needs of promoting reform and opening up and developing the socialist market economy, China formulated the General Principles of Civil Law, and introduced a series of civil laws such as the Inheritance Law, the Adoption Law, the Guarantee Law, the Contract Law, the Property Law, and the Tort Law. Now the conditions are all in place for compiling a civil code. The Standing Committee has decided to adopt a two-step approach to develop the civil code: first, developing the general part of the civil code, or the General Provisions of Civil Law; and second, following the enactment of the General Provisions of Civil Law, compiling the individual books of the civil code, striving to form a complete civil code by 2020.

民法总则规定民法的基本原则和一般规则,在民法典中起统率性、纲领性作用。常委会以高度的责任感和使命感,全力以赴做好民法总则制定工作,先后3次审议法律草案,并通过中国人大网3次向社会公开征求意见。经过认真审议和反复修改,决定提请本次会议审议。相信经过全体代表的共同努力,一定能够制定出一部经得起历史和人民检验、有中国特色的民法总则,为编纂民法典打下坚实基础。The General Provisions of Civil Law lays out the basic principles and general rules of civil law, and is the leading part of the civil code. The Standing Committee has worked with a strong sense of responsibility and mission to do its utmost to formulate the General Provisions of Civil Law, carrying out three readings to deliberate the draft legislation, and making three open requests for public comments through the NPC's website (www.npc.gov.cn). After careful deliberation and repeated revisions, we have decided to submit the draft of the General Provisions of Civil Law to this session for deliberation. We believe that with the concerted efforts of all deputies, we will be able to make this a piece of legislation that stands the test of time and meets the expectations of the people, and that is characteristically Chinese, thus laying a solid foundation for the civil code.
(三)加强文化、社会、环境保护等方面立法。针对我国文化领域立法工作相对滞后的情况,常委会大力加强文化法律制度建设,2016年审议通过两部重要法律。公共文化服务保障法明确政府在公共文化服务工作中的职责,确立公共文化服务的基本原则和保障制度等。电影产业促进法规范电影创作、摄制、发行、放映等活动,加大对电影产业的支持和保障力度。这两部法律,对于保障人民基本文化权益,丰富人民群众精神文化生活,弘扬社会主义核心价值观,必将发挥重要作用。

3) Legislation concerning cultural, social, environmental, and other issues was strengthened.

Seeing that China's legislative work in the cultural sector was lagging behind, last year we strengthened the system of laws on culture by deliberating and passing two important laws related to this sector. The Law on Guaranteeing Public Cultural Services clarifies the duties and responsibilities of the government in the provision of public cultural services, and establishes basic principles and mechanisms for guaranteeing provision. The Film Industry Promotion Law regulates the scripting, filming, release, and showing of films and provides greater support and security for the film industry. These two laws will play a significant role in safeguarding the people's basic cultural rights and interests, enriching their intellectual and cultural life, and promoting core socialist values.

中医药是中华民族的瑰宝。常委会审议通过的中医药法明确规定,中医药是包括汉族和少数民族医药在内的我国各民族医药的统称,国家大力发展中医药事业,实行中西医并重的方针,建立符合中医药特点的管理制度,充分发挥中医药在我国医药卫生事业中的作用。Traditional Chinese medicine is a national treasure. The Law on Traditional Chinese Medicine passed after deliberation by the Standing Committee clearly stipulates: traditional Chinese medicine is the general designation for the traditional medicine of the Han and of ethnic minorities of China. The state shall work hard to develop traditional Chinese medicine, follow the principle of attaching equal importance to traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and put in place a regulatory system suitable to the unique features of traditional Chinese medicine, thereby giving full play to its role in China's health care services.
按照党中央关于“推动环境保护费改税”、“落实税收法定原则”的改革精神,常委会审议通过环境保护税法。这是本届全国人大常委会审议通过的第一部税收法律,对于充分发挥税收在控制和减少污染物排放、保护和改善生态环境方面的积极作用,具有重要意义。In keeping with the decisions on reform made by the Party Central Committee related to replacing environmental protection fees with a tax and ensuring law-based taxation, we deliberated and passed the Environmental Protection Tax Law. This is the first tax law deliberated and approved by this Standing Committee; it is of great importance in giving full play to the role of taxation in helping to control and reduce emissions and protect and improve ecosystems and the environment.
常委会还制定了资产评估法,修改了民办教育促进法、野生动物保护法、海洋环境保护法、红十字会法、企业所得税法等。We also enacted the Asset Appraisal Law and revised laws including the Law on the Promotion of Privately-Run Schools, the Wildlife Protection Law, the Marine Environment Protection Law, the Law on the Red Cross Society, and the Law on Corporate Income Tax.
(四)完善立法工作机制和方式方法。一是出台《关于建立健全全国人大专门委员会、常委会工作机构组织起草重要法律草案制度的实施意见》。常委会过去一年审议的法律案中,有10件是由有关专门委员会和常委会工作机构牵头起草的。二是健全法律草案征求代表意见制度,邀请代表参与立法调研、论证、审议、评估等工作,认真听取和采纳代表的意见建议,更好发挥代表在立法工作中的作用。三是制定《立法项目征集和论证工作规范》,推进立法工作规范化、制度化建设。四是完善基层立法联系点制度,先后就7部法律草案8次组织听取基层干部群众意见,立法工作更加接地气、察民情。我们还召开全国地方立法研讨会,加强对地方立法特别是设区的市立法工作的指导。全国新赋予地方立法权的273个市、自治州中,已有269个经批准开始制定地方性法规。

4) Legislative mechanisms and methods were refined.

First, we published the guidelines on establishing sound systems under which special committees of the NPC and working bodies of the NPC Standing Committee organize the drafting of important laws. Of all the legislative items deliberated by the Standing Committee this past year, the drafting for 10 items was led by relevant special committees of the NPC and working bodies of the Standing Committee.

Second, we improved the mechanisms for soliciting the opinions of deputies on the drafts of laws and invited them to participate in the research, debate, deliberation, and assessment process so as to ensure their comments and suggestions can be effectively heard and adopted. These efforts have enabled deputies to play a bigger role in the NPC's legislative work.

Third, we formulated the Procedures for Collecting and Discussing Legislative Items, making progress in efforts to better standardize and institutionalize legislative work.

Fourth, we improved the system for staying connected with local communities on legislative matters, and on eight occasions organized activities to solicit comments on seven draft laws from the general public and officials at the community level. This ensured that legislative work was carried out in close connection with the people and was better able to reflect public sentiment.

We held a national symposium on local legislation to guide local legislative work, especially the legislative work of cities with subsidiary districts. Of the 273 cities and autonomous prefectures newly granted local legislative powers by the revised Legislation Law, 269 have, with approval from provincial-level people's congresses, already begun to formulate local regulations.

二、依法对若干重大问题作出决定2. We worked in accordance with the law to issue decisions on a number of major issues.
人大工作是党和国家工作的重要组成部分。常委会坚持从政治上把握、在大局下行动,大事要事敢于担当、善于作为,确保党的主张通过法定程序成为国家意志。The work of the NPC is an important part of the work of the Party and the country. We have upheld our commitment to the right political direction and to working with the big picture in mind. When faced with major issues and important matters, we demonstrated the courage to take on responsibility and the ability to fulfill duties, ensuring that the Party's propositions are turned into the will of the state through statutory procedures.
(一)及时妥善处理辽宁拉票贿选案的有关问题,坚决维护人民代表大会制度的权威和尊严。辽宁拉票贿选案是新中国成立以来查处的第一起发生在省级层面、严重违反党纪国法、严重破坏党内选举制度和人大选举制度的重大案件。按照有关法律规定,涉案的辽宁省人大代表的代表资格终止后,其中的省人大常委会组成人员的职务依法相应终止。辽宁省人大常委会因组成人员已不足半数,无法召开常委会会议履行职责。为及时妥善处理这一从未遇到过的特殊问题,全国人大常委会根据宪法精神和有关法律原则作出创制性安排。2016年9月13日,临时召开常委会第二十三次会议,审议通过了全国人大常委会代表资格审查委员会的报告,依法确定辽宁省45名拉票贿选的全国人大代表当选无效;审议通过了关于成立辽宁省第十二届人民代表大会第七次会议筹备组的决定,决定由筹备组代行辽宁省人大常委会部分职权,负责筹备辽宁省十二届人大七次会议的相关事宜。依纪依法查处辽宁拉票贿选案,充分体现了党中央全面依法治国、全面从严治党的鲜明态度和坚定决心,决不允许以任何形式破坏社会主义民主法治。

1) We promptly and appropriately dealt with problems related to the case of election bribery in Liaoning Province, working resolutely to uphold the authority and sanctity of the system of people's congresses.

The voting bribery case in Liaoning Province was the first major case of its kind to have occurred at the provincial level since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The perpetrators seriously violated Party discipline, state laws, and the requirements of the intra-Party electoral system and the electoral system of the people's congresses. After the deputies to the Liaoning Provincial People's Congress involved in the case had their qualifications revoked in accordance with relevant laws, those who were members of the Standing Committee of the Liaoning Provincial People's Congress were removed from their positions in accordance with the law. The Standing Committee of the Liaoning Provincial People's Congress, having had over half of its members removed, was unable to convene meetings and carry out its duties. In order to promptly and appropriately resolve this unprecedented and exceptional issue, the NPC Standing Committee acted on the basis of the Constitution and relevant legal principles to make creative institutional arrangements. At the provisionally convened 23rd meeting of the NPC Standing Committee on September 13, 2016, we deliberated and approved the report of the Credentials Committee to revoke, in accordance with the law, the qualifications of 45 NPC deputies elected by the Liaoning Provincial People's Congress for bribing voters. At the meeting, we also deliberated and approved a decision stipulating that the 12th Liaoning Provincial People's Congress shall set up a preparatory committee to exercise certain functions and powers on behalf of its Standing Committee and shall take charge of the preparatory work for the convocation of its Seventh Session.

Our handling of the Liaoning case in accordance with the law and Party discipline fully reflects the Party Central Committee's clear stand and strong resolve for advancing China's law-based governance and ensuring strict Party self-governance. No violation of our socialist democracy or rule of law in any form shall be tolerated.

(二)依法对香港基本法第一百零四条作出解释,坚决反对“港独”行径。香港特别行政区是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分。“港独”的本质是分裂国家,严重违反“一国两制”方针,严重违反宪法和香港基本法。全国人大常委会行使宪法和香港基本法赋予的权力,作出关于香港基本法第一百零四条的解释,明确该条规定的“拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法,效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区”,既是该条规定的宣誓必须包含的法定内容,也是参选或者出任该条所列公职的法定要求和条件;明确宣誓就职必须遵循的法定程序和内容;明确违反宣誓规定丧失就职资格的法律后果以及作出虚假宣誓或者违反誓言的法律责任。全国人大常委会主动释法,充分表明了中央贯彻“一国两制”方针的坚定决心和反对“港独”的坚定立场,充分体现了包括香港同胞在内的13亿中国人民维护国家主权、安全和发展利益的坚定意志。

2) We produced the interpretation of Article 104 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in accordance with the law to firmly oppose any attempt at secession of Hong Kong from our country.

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is an inseparable part of the People's Republic of China. To attempt "Hong Kong independence" is to attempt secession, a serious violation of the "one country, two systems" principle, the Constitution of China, and the Basic Law of Hong Kong. The NPC Standing Committee, exercising power entrusted to it by the Constitution and the Basic Law, produced the interpretation of Article 104 of the Basic Law of Hong Kong. The interpretation clearly establishes that, as stipulated by Article 104, to "swear to uphold the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and swear allegiance to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China" is not only the exact phrasing that must be included in the oath prescribed by Article 104, but is also a legal requirement and condition for any person standing for election or taking up any position of public office specified in the Article. The interpretation clarifies the legal procedures that must be adhered to when taking the oath of office and the statutory content that must be included in the oath; it makes clear that anyone who violates this stipulation on oath taking is to be legally disqualified from assuming office and that any person who makes an oath insincerely or breaks their oath will be held legally responsible.

This interpretation fully demonstrates the Chinese central leadership's resolve in upholding the "one country, two systems" principle and its firm stand against any attempt at secession of Hong Kong from the Chinese nation; it embodies the firm will of 1.3 billion Chinese people, including those in the Hong Kong region, to safeguard their country's sovereignty, security, and developmental interests.

(三)作出关于开展国家监察体制改革试点工作的决定,为重大政治体制改革提供法治保障。深化国家监察体制改革是以习近平同志为核心的党中央作出的一项重大决策,是事关全局的重大政治体制改革,对于推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,具有重大而深远的意义。为在全国推开这项重大改革探索积累经验,党中央部署在部分地方开展试点。根据“凡属重大改革都要于法有据”的精神,委员长会议依法提出相关议案,常委会经过认真审议,作出关于在北京市、山西省、浙江省开展国家监察体制改革试点工作的决定。决定明确在试点地区设立监察委员会,行使监察职权;监察委员会由本级人大产生,对本级人大及其常委会和上一级监察委员会负责,并接受监督;监察委员会按照管理权限,对本地区所有行使公权力的公职人员依法实施监察;在试点地区暂时调整或者暂时停止适用行政监察法和刑事诉讼法、地方组织法等法律的有关规定,保证改革试点工作依法有序推进。

3) We issued the decision on carrying out trials for reform of the national supervision system to provide a legal guarantee for this major political structural reform.

As a major policy decision made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core to improve the political structure, deepening reform of the national supervision system has a direct bearing on the big picture and is of immense and far-reaching significance for improving Party conduct, upholding integrity, and combating corruption and for modernizing China's governance system and capacity for governance. In order to build up experience before advancing this major reform throughout the country, the Party Central Committee has decided to launch trials in several localities. In line with the principle that "all major reforms must have a legal basis," the Chairperson's Council of the NPC Standing Committee produced a proposal in accordance with the law, which was carefully deliberated by the Standing Committee and resulted in the decision to carry out trials for reforming the national supervision system in Beijing and in Shanxi and Zhejiang provinces. The decision stipulates that supervisory committees shall be established in pilot areas to exercise supervisory functions and powers; that a supervisory committee shall be created by the people's congress at the same level, and be responsible to and overseen by the same-level people's congress and its standing committee as well as the supervisory committee at the next level up; and that supervisory committees shall supervise the exercise of public power by all government employees in their regions in accordance with the law and within the scope of their supervisory authority. It also stipulates that the applicability of certain stipulations in the Law on Administrative Supervision, the Criminal Procedure Law, the Organic Law of the Local People's Congresses and Local People's Governments, and other relevant laws shall be provisionally adjusted or suspended in order to ensure law-based, orderly advancement of the pilot reform.

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