湖南岳州扇：匠心灵韵 制扇至美
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Yuezhou fan inheritor in Central China's Hunan
岳州扇是中国三大名扇之一，始于明末清初。岳州扇以湖南本地产的优质竹子为扇骨，牛角为钉，宣纸为面，就制作技艺来说，分扇骨和扇面制作两大程序，包括锯筒、劈片、边骨推青、小骨推青、镶边骨、取边、打磨、钻眼等72道工序。其中，扇骨制作与造型是岳州扇最见技术功力的关键一环，要经过锯、劈、刨、挫、煮等多项工序，用料考究，工艺严谨。岳州扇制作技艺于2021年被列入第五批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录。
Yuezhou fan dates back to the late Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and early Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The fan, having a history of about 400 years, is one of the most famous fans in China for its delicacy. Using fine bamboo as its framework, ox horn as the nail, and Xuan paper as the cover, the fan goes through 72 complicated procedures before done, while the making of framework requires most exquisite and skillful work. The craft of making Yuezhou fan was listed in the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritages in 2021.
今年70岁的刘正文，从事制扇行业已有56年。20世纪70年代，他进入岳阳制扇厂工作。随着风扇、空调的普及，传统制扇行业开始走下坡路，经营了数十年的岳阳制扇厂退出历史舞台。之后，刘正文带着家人和厂里部分员工创办了“巴陵扇社”。在2014年中国扇子艺术节上，刘正文率弟子们制作的高3.3米、纵长5.8米、弧度180度的折扇备受关注。
Liu Zhengwen, 70 years old, a provincial intangible cultural heritage inheritor of Yuezhou fan, has been engaged in the craft for 56 years. Enrolled into a Yueyang fan making factory in the 1970s, Liu witnessed himself the declining of the fan factory with the popularity of electric fans and air conditioners. After the closing of the factory, he set up a studio called "Baling fan studio" with his family and colleagues.
如今，岳州扇制作技艺和许多传统手工艺行业一样，面临着后继乏人的困扰。刘正文着意培养儿子刘岳军从小学做岳州扇，继承手艺，女儿刘岳春学美术专业，参与扇面的设计。“日常生活中，真正用扇子降温的人越来越少，但扇子的工艺价值、艺术价值和收藏价值却是久远的。”刘正文说。
Nowadays, Yuezhou fan craft faces the problem of inheriting, the same as other traditional crafts. Acknowledging the challenge, Liu cultivates his own son and daughter on the craft, with his son making the fans and daughter designing the patterns. "Although less people need to use Yuezhou fan in daily life, the arts value and collection value of it are eternal," said Liu Zhengwen.
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