贫困县全部摘帽
1986年，中国政府组建专门的扶贫开发工作机构，开启了政府主导的开发式扶贫事业。国务院贫困地区经济开发领导小组按照严格标准在全国范围内识别出331个国家级贫困县，此后根据各时期扶贫开发形势的变化，先后三次调整了国家扶贫开发工作重点县名单。2011年，《中国农村扶贫开发规划纲要（2011-2020年）》颁布实施，国务院扶贫开发领导小组公布新一轮国定扶贫开发工作重点县和集中连片特困地区县，前者592个，后者680个，剔除重合部分，两者合计832个县，构成了脱贫攻坚战需要脱贫摘帽的县。
新时期脱贫攻坚目标是到2020年实现“两个确保”，即确保农村贫困人口实现脱贫、确保贫困县全部脱贫摘帽。2016年习近平在重庆调研时强调：“脱贫摘帽要坚持成熟一个摘一个，既防止不思进取、等靠要，又防止揠苗助长、图虚名。”2016年全国共有28个贫困县提出退出申请，其中江西省井冈山市、河南省兰考县率先通过国家专项评估检查，分别于2017年2月25日、27日由省级政府批准退出。2017年首批申请退出的28个贫困县脱贫摘帽，既是1986年国家设定贫困县以来第一次实现贫困县数量净减少，也是实现贫困县全部摘帽目标的良好起步，为今后几年贫困县退出树立了标杆、作出了示范。截至2020年2月底，全国832个贫困县中已有601个宣布摘帽，179个正在进行退出检查，还有52个贫困县即将摘帽，区域性整体贫困基本得到解决。
Poverty Relief Policies Continue After Counties Being Removed from Poverty List
After being removed from the poverty list, some once-poor counties have slackened their efforts. Some have abandoned their policies and withdrawn their work teams, some want to take a break, and others tend to shift their focus or change ways of development. Some county Party committee secretaries and county mayors want to transfer to other work posts. Some once-poor people find their incomes have stagnated or are even decreasing.
Seeing these problems, Xi Jinping demands that after being removed from poverty list, the former poor counties must continue to help their remaining poor populations escape poverty and ensure they do not slip back into poverty. Their county Party committee secretaries and county mayors should remain steadfast in their posts, and not shirk their responsibilities, major poverty relief policies will continue, and work teams must not withdraw but continue their assistance. Every effort must be made to prevent people from falling back into poverty, and relevant supervision must continue. He also requires relevant government departments to work out measures for implementing the above instructions.
