| Indicators on Proportions and Efficiency
in National Economic and Social Development |
||||||||||
| Item | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 2001 | ||||||
| Population and Employment | ||||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| Birth Rate (‰) | 21.04 | 21.06 | 17.12 | 13.38 | ||||||
| Death Rate (‰) | 6.78 | 6.67 | 6.57 | 6.43 | ||||||
| Natural Growth Rate (‰) | 14.26 | 14.39 | 10.55 | 6.95 | ||||||
| Employment | ||||||||||
| Dependency Ratio | 1.12 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.75 | ||||||
| Employment Ratio by Type of Industry | ||||||||||
| (Employment in primary industry=100) | ||||||||||
| Primary Industry | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||||
| Secondary Industry | 33.5 | 35.5 | 44.1 | 44.6 | ||||||
| Tertiary Industry | 26.8 | 30.8 | 47.5 | 55.4 | ||||||
| Unemployment Rate in Urban Areas (%) | 1.8 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 3.6 | ||||||
| Macro Economy | ||||||||||
| National Accounting | ||||||||||
| Ratio of Value-added by Type of Industry (Value added in primary industry=100) | ||||||||||
| Primary Industry | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||||
| Secondary Industry | 152.1 | 153.8 | 238.0 | 335.9 | ||||||
| Tertiary Industry | 100.6 | 115.9 | 149.6 | 220.8 | ||||||
| Overall Labor Productivity (yuan/person) | 1828 | 2865 | 8630 | 13222 | ||||||
| Primary Industry | 820 | 1289 | 3324 | 4027 | ||||||
| Secondary Industry | 3872 | 5570 | 18431 | 30194 | ||||||
| Tertiary Industry | 3176 | 4853 | 11080 | 16107 | ||||||
| Per-capita GDP (yuan) | 855 | 1634 | 4854 | 7543 | ||||||
| Investment in Fixed Assets | ||||||||||
| Proportion of Investment in Fixed Assets to GDP (%) | 20.2 | 24.4 | 34.2 | 38.8 | ||||||
| Rate of Total Floor Space of Buildings Completed in Construction (%) |
82.0 | 78.6 | 67.7 | 66.1 | ||||||
| Rate of Fixed Assets Completed in Capita
Construction and Put into Use (%) |
68.2 | 80.0 | 63.7 | 68.2 | ||||||
| Rate of Projects Completed in Capital Construction and Put into Use (%) |
50.7 | 53.8 | 57.0 | 55.9 | ||||||
| Finance | ||||||||||
| Proportion of Government Revenue to GDP (%) | 22.4 | 15.8 | 10.7 | 17.1 | ||||||
| Proportion of Government Expenditures to GDP (%) | 22.4 | 16.6 | 11.7 | 19.7 | ||||||
| Proportion of Local Government Revenue to Central Government Revenue (%) |
160.5 | 196.0 | 91.7 | 90.9 | ||||||
| Proportion of Local Government Expenditure to Central Government Expenditure (%) |
152 | 207 | 242 | 228 | ||||||
| Proportion of Extra-budgetary Receipt to | ||||||||||
| Government Revenue (%) | 76.3 | 92.2 | 38.6 | 28.6 | ||||||
| Utilization of Foreign Capital | ||||||||||
| Proportion of Foreign Capital Actually Used to Total Amount of Foreign Capital for Utilizationby Signed Contracts or Agreements (%) |
45.2 | 85.1 | 46.6 | 69.0 | ||||||
| Production and Consumptions of Energy | ||||||||||
| Elasticity Ratio of Energy Production | 0.73 | 0.58 | 0.83 | 1.78 | ||||||
| Elasticity Ratio of Energy Consumption | 0.60 | 0.47 | 0.66 | 0.18 | ||||||
| Energy Consumption per 10 000 yuan GDP (ton) | 8.6 | 5.2 | 2.2 | 1.4 | ||||||
| Industries | ||||||||||
| Agriculture | ||||||||||
| Per-capita Cultivated Land (hectare) | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 | |||||||
| Cultivated Land per Agricultural Laborer (hectare) | 0.33 | 0.29 | 0.29 | |||||||
| Total Power of Agricultural Machinery PerHectare of Cultivated Land (kw) | 2.1 | 3.0 | 3.8 | |||||||
| Electric Power Consumption Per Hectare of Cultivated Land (kwh) | 510 | 883 | 1743 | |||||||
| Chemical Fertilizer Consumption Per Hectareof Cultivated Land (kg) | 178 | 271 | 378 | |||||||
| Agricultural Output Value Per Hectare of Cultivated Land (yuan) | 2510 | 5178 | 12514 | |||||||
| Output of Per Agricultural Labor Force (kg) | ||||||||||
| Grain | 1221 | 1325 | 1435 | 1387 | ||||||
| Cotton | 13.4 | 13.4 | 14.7 | 16.3 | ||||||
| Oil-bearing Crops | 50.8 | 47.9 | 69.2 | 87.8 | ||||||
| Pork, Beef and Mutton | 154.0 | |||||||||
| Aquatic Products | 22.7 | 36.7 | 77.4 | 134.3 | ||||||
| Output of Farm Crops Per Hectare of Sown Area (kg) | ||||||||||
| Grain | 3483 | 3933 | 4240 | 4267 | ||||||
| Cotton | 810 | 810 | 879 | 1107 | ||||||
| Oil-bearing Crops | 1338 | 1480 | 1572 | 1958 | ||||||
| Economic Efficiency of Industry | ||||||||||
| Ratio of Total Assets to Industrial Output Value (%) | 9.19 | 8.91 | ||||||||
| Assets-Liability Ratio (%) | 65.31 | 58.97 | ||||||||
| Ratio of Profits to Industrial Cost (%) | 3.21 | 5.35 | ||||||||
| Number of Times of Annual Turnover ofCirculating Funds (times/year) | 1.58 | 1.66 | ||||||||
| Overall Labor Productivity (yuan/person-year) (in terms of value-addedper employee) | 18477 | 52062 | ||||||||
| Construction | ||||||||||
| Value of Machinery per Laborer (yuan/person) | 2467 | 4264 | 7136 | |||||||
| Ratio of Per-tax Profits to Gross Output Value (%) | 5.4 | 4.2 | 5.2 | |||||||
| Overall Labor Productivity (yuan/person) (in terms of gross output value per employee) | 13109 | 38680 | 67275 | |||||||
| Transportation | ||||||||||
| Elasticity of Passenger Traffic | 1.26 | - | 0.69 | 0.51 | ||||||
| Elasticity of Freight Traffic | 0.3 | - | 0.44 | 0.43 | ||||||
| Railway Density (km/10000 sq.km) | 57.3 | 60.2 | 62.2 | 73.0 | ||||||
| Highway Density (km/10000 sq.km) | 982 | 1071 | 1205 | 1769 | ||||||
| Railway Freight Traffic Density (ton/km) | 23765 | 26069 | 27781 | 27489 | ||||||
| Highway Freight Traffic Density (ton/km) | 5709 | 7041 | 8128 | 6221 | ||||||
| Cargo Handled at Seaports per Berth (10 000 tons) | 84 | 50 | 63 | 99 | ||||||
| Posts and Telecommunications Services | ||||||||||
| Elasticity of Post and Telecommunications Services | 1.35 | 33.15 | 4.16 | 3.78 | ||||||
| Access to Telephones, National (include mobile phone) (set/100 persons) | 0.6 | 1.1 | 4.7 | 25.9 | ||||||
| Access to Mobile phones (set/100 persons) | 0.3 | 11.4 | ||||||||
| Domestic Trade | ||||||||||
| Per-capita Retail Sales of Consumer Goods (yuan) | 17681 | 25852 | 50213 | 79795 | ||||||
| Foreign Trade | ||||||||||
| Proportion of Total Imports & Exports to GDP (%) | 23.1 | 30.0 | 40.2 | 44.0 | ||||||
| International Tourism | ||||||||||
| Expenditure Per International Tourist in China ($) |
70 | 81 | 188 | 200 | ||||||
| Finance and Insurance | ||||||||||
| Bank Deposits as Percentage of GDP (%) | 92.1 | 149.7 | ||||||||
| Bank Loans as Percentage of GDP (%) | 86.4 | 117.1 | ||||||||
| Proportion of Cash Outlay to Cash Receipt
in Bank (%) |
100.6 | 100.3 | ||||||||
| Education, Science and Technology and Culture | ||||||||||
| Education | ||||||||||
| Rate of School-age Children Enrollment (%) | 96.0 | 97.8 | 98.5 | 99.1 | ||||||
| Rate of Graduates of Primary Schools Entering Junior Secondary Schools (%) |
68.4 | 74.6 | 90.8 | 95.5 | ||||||
| Rate of Graduates of Junior Secondary Schools Entering Senior Secondary Schools (%) |
41.7 | 40.6 | 48.3 | 52.9 | ||||||
| Student-teacher Ratio (in percentage) (%) | ||||||||||
| Colleges and Universities | 5.0 | 5.2 | 7.2 | 13.5 | ||||||
| Secondary Schools | 17.2 | 14.6 | 15.9 | 18.5 | ||||||
| Primary Schools | 24.9 | 21.9 | 23.3 | 21.6 | ||||||
| Science and Technology | ||||||||||
| R&D Expenditures as Percentage of GDP (%) | 0.71 | 0.60 | 1.09 | |||||||
| Culture (unit) | ||||||||||
| Number of Troupes Per Million Persons | 3.13 | 2.45 | 2.21 | 2.04 | ||||||
| Number of Public Libraries Per Million Persons | 2.21 | 2.21 | 2.16 | 2.11 | ||||||
| Number of Museums Per Million Persons | 0.67 | 0.89 | 0.99 | 1.14 | ||||||
| Family, People's Livelihood and Environment | ||||||||||
| Family | ||||||||||
| Dependency Ratio of Children (%) | 54.6* | 41.5 | 39.7 | 32.0 | ||||||
| Dependency Ratio of the Aged (%) | 8.0* | 8.3 | 9.2 | 10.1 | ||||||
| Marriages and Divorces | ||||||||||
| Divorce Rate | 0.95 | 1.41 | 1.75 | 1.97 | ||||||
| People's Livelihood | ||||||||||
| Proportion of Growth Rate of Annual Income of Urban Residents to the Growth Rate of Annual Net Income of Rural Residents (1978=100) | 0.36 | 0.46 | 0.67 | 0.78 | ||||||
| Welfare | ||||||||||
| Pensions for Retired Veterans, Retired and Resigned Persons as Percentage of Total Wages (%) | 10.5 | 13.4 | 16.1 | 26.0 | ||||||
| Proportion of the Number of Workers Who Have Retired or Resigned to the Number of Employed Ones (%) | 13.2 | 16.4 | 20.8 | 37.2 | ||||||
| Health Care | ||||||||||
| Number of Hospitals Per 10 000 Persons (unit) | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.51 | ||||||
| Number of Doctors Per 10 000 Persons (person) | 13.3 | 15.4 | 15.8 | 16.9 | ||||||
| Number of Hospital Beds Per 10 000 Persons (unit) | 21.1 | 23.0 | 23.4 | 23.9 | ||||||
| Utilization Rate of Hospital Beds (%) | 82.7 | 80.9 | 66.9 | 61.3 | ||||||
| City Construction | ||||||||||
| Percentage of Households with Access to Tap Water (%) | 81.0 | 89.2 | 93.0 | 72.3 | ||||||
| Percentage of Households with Access to Tap Gas (%) | 22.4 | 42.2 | 70.0 | 60.4 | ||||||
| Public Green Areas Per 10 000 Persons (hectare) | 13.7 | 32.2 | 36.7 | 38.6 | ||||||
| Environment and Disasters | ||||||||||
| Average Loss of Per Fire Disaster (yuan) | 8121 | 8932 | 29022 | 6473 | ||||||
| Average Loss of Per Traffic Accident (yuan) | 676 | 1413 | 5601 | 4090 | ||||||
| Average Loss Per Pollution Accident (yuan) | 50549 | 66625 | ||||||||
| a) Figures of dependency ratio of children and the aged with (*) were data in 1982. | ||||||||||
| b) Since 1993, data on extrabudgetary receipt excluded the revenue of state-owned enterprises and their responsible departments. | ||||||||||
| c) Data on the public utilities of city are based on the non-agricultural population in urban areas, but based on the total population in 2001. | ||||||||||