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名师高招:浅谈雅思议论文结构对应考的帮助

双边论证

然而通过朗阁海外考试研究中心写作组的专家总结发现,近年来,剑5和剑6后面考官提供的高分甚至满分范文都采用了另一种论证方法,称为双边论证。双边论证基本为四段论,它与单边的最大区别在正文,正文两段分别对题干提出的两个观点或优缺点进行论证。我们也通过下图来认识此种结构:

Introduction

Background+ My Opinion / Layout

Body:

1. Opinion One / Advantage

Topic sentence+ Reason One + Supporting Sentences

+ Reason Two + Supporting Sentences

2. Opinion Two/ Disadvantage

Topic sentence+ Reason One + Supporting Sentences

+ Reason Two + Supporting Sentences

+ Reason Three + Supporting Sentences

Conclusion:

Statement of My Opinion (for opinion two/ more disadvantages than advantages)

此类结构是双边倾向性结构,是双边结构中的一种。对大多数中国学生来说,双边结构较单边结构最大的优点是论证过程比较容易扩展。双边论证指正文两段分别论述下两个观点或优缺点。可以做一个有趣的比喻(引自朗阁海外考试研究中心主任宁园老师),双边论证的结构就像是在打一场官司,引言段引出话题,可以看作是书记员来宣布审理的案件,正文两段分别是两个观点,可以理解为被告和原告的辩护律师来列举对自己有利的证据,结尾段得出观点,即法官在总结了被告原告律师的发言后,得出自己的答案,同意哪一方,是否定罪。

通过上面对单边、双边结构的介绍,考生可得出结论,上面列举的5个问题,1235题可用单边论证,而这5题都可以用双边论证来写,第4题只能用双边论证,题干已经明确要求讨论两个方面。

II 分析解决型

此类问题模式通常会给出一个话题,如juvenile delinquency,要求考生分析产生此问题的原因,并给出一些缓解的方法。我们首先也来熟悉下此类问题模式

1). Crime is increasing in many countries. Discuss some of the reasons for this increase and suggest some ways in which government can combat the problems.

2). Nowadays, people are facing more and more work-related stress. State the possible reasons for this phenomenon and make some recommendations about how to solve it.

3). What are some of the problems associated with the drug abuse? Give some suggestions about how to alleviate it?

4). Overpopulation of the elderly is increasingly severe in almost every country. Analyze some reasons and state the effects on the society.

上面两题中共同出现的两个信号词分别是reasonssuggestionsproblemseffects。所以有这四个词我们可以确定它为分析解决型,和讨论类题目有着本质的区别。它们所对应的文章结构见下图。

Introduction

Background + layout

Body:

1. Reasons / Problems

Topic Sentence + Reason One / Problem One + supporting sentences

+ Reason Two / Problem Two + supporting sentences

2. Suggestions / Effects

Topic sentence + Suggestion One / Effect One + ss

+ Suggestion Two / Effect Two + ss

Conclusion:

Restatement of the Body

上述结构是分析解决型的一种非常常见的对应结构,我们应该问什么答什么。有时题目会出现只问problemsreasons,结构也要相应的发生变化,即只回答几个问题或原因。

得出文章的结构是解题的基础和关键,但事实上,在考试过程中,因为时间很紧,花在得出结构的时间就应该相应的缩短,建议是考生在拿到一个题目审题后,应该在二十秒左右的时间内就反应出文章的结构。考生可通过上述结构自己再考前准备模板,这对提高解题速度有很大的帮助。

(来源:朗阁海外考试研究中心)

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