《中国的核应急》白皮书
White Paper: China's Nuclear Emergency Preparedness
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| 八、核应急国际合作与交流 | VIII. International Cooperation and Exchanges in the Field of Nuclear Emergency Preparedness |
| 中国是国际原子能机构成员国，始终致力于同各国一道推动建立国际核安全应急体系，促进各国共享和平利用核能事业成果，坚定不移支持和推进核应急领域国际合作与交流。中国与国际原子能机构等国际组织在核应急领域开展多层次、全方位合作，与世界有关国家核应急领域合作与交流不断拓展。 | As a member state of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), China has always been, along with the other members, dedicated to promoting the development of an international nuclear safety emergency system and the sharing of achievements resulting from the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and unswervingly supports and facilitates international cooperation and exchange in the field of nuclear emergency preparedness. China has launched multi-level and all-round cooperation in respect of nuclear emergency preparedness with international organizations, including the IAEA, and is stepping up collaboration and exchange in the field of nuclear emergencies with relevant countries. |
| 积极加入相关国际公约。中国作为联合国常任理事国、国际原子能机构理事国，高度重视融入国际核安全应急体系。自1984年加入国际原子能机构以来，先后加入《核事故或辐射紧急情况援助公约》《及早通报核事故公约》《核材料实物保护公约》《不扩散核武器条约》《核安全公约》《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》等国际公约。在这些公约机制内，中国始终致力于同各国一道推动建立和平、合作、共赢的国际核安全应急体系，充分发挥建设性作用。 | Actively acceding to relevant international conventions. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council and a member of the Board of Governors of the IAEA, China lays great store by integrating itself into the international nuclear safety emergency system. Since joining the IAEA in 1984, China has acceded to a number of international conventions, including the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Convention on Nuclear Safety, and International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. Under these conventions, China has always been committed to playing a constructive role in promoting the establishment of a peaceful, cooperative and mutually beneficial international nuclear safety emergency system in tandem with other countries. |
| 积极履行核应急国际义务。中国支持国际原子能机构在促进核能与核技术应用、加强核安全、加强核应急、实施保障监督等领域发挥主导作用。中国积极履行有关国际公约规定的国际义务，响应国际原子能机构理事会、大会提出的各项倡议。中国代表团出席了历次国际原子能机构组织的核应急主管当局会议和核安全公约履约大会，负责任地提交核应急、核安全履约国家报告。多次参加国际原子能机构组织的公约演习活动。推荐中国核应急领域的专家学者数百人次参加国际原子能机构开展的工作，为全球核应急领域合作献计献策。2014年5月，中国加入“国际核应急响应与援助网络”，为国际社会核应急体系建设提供支持。 | Actively fulfilling international obligations regarding nuclear emergency preparedness. China supports the IAEA's leading role in the fields of promoting nuclear energy and nuclear technology applications, strengthening nuclear safety and nuclear emergency preparedness, and implementing safeguard supervision. China actively undertakes the international obligations set out in the relevant international conventions, and responds to each initiative put forward by the Board of Governors and General Conference of the IAEA. Chinese delegations have attended all conferences on nuclear emergency preparedness and nuclear safety convention obligation compliance organized by the IAEA, and submitted national reports on nuclear emergency preparedness and compliance with nuclear safety obligations, taking a responsible attitude. China has also, on numerous occasions, participated in exercises sponsored by the IAEA within the framework of the conventions. In addition, China has made contributions in the field of nuclear emergency preparedness to the whole world by recommending hundreds of Chinese experts and scholars in this field to participate in the work of the IAEA. In May 2014 China joined the International Nuclear Emergency Response and Assistance Network - an act of support for the construction of the international nuclear emergency preparedness network. |
| 积极开展双边交流。1984年以来，中国先后与巴西、阿根廷、英国、美国、韩国、俄罗斯、法国等30个国家签订双边核能合作协定，开展包括核应急在内的合作与交流。中国同美国合作在华建设核安保示范中心，为地区乃至国际核安保技术交流合作提供平台。在中美和平利用核能协定框架下，中国国家原子能机构与美国能源部联合举办核应急医学救援培训班、核应急后果评价研讨班等多种培训活动。在中俄总理定期会晤框架内设立中俄核问题分委会机制，定期研讨交流核应急领域合作与交流事宜。中国与法国建立中法核能合作协调委员会机制，与韩国建立中韩核能合作联委会机制，定期开展相关活动。中国援助巴基斯坦建设核电站，在核应急领域开展广泛深入的合作交流。 | Actively conducting bilateral exchanges. Since 1984, China has successively entered into bilateral agreements on nuclear energy cooperation with 30 countries, including Brazil, Argentina, the UK, the US, ROK,RussiaandFrance, and conducted cooperation and exchange which include nuclear emergency preparedness. China and the US have cooperated on the construction of the Center of Nuclear Security Excellence in China as a forum for technical exchange on nuclear security within the region and the rest of the world. Under the framework of the Sino-US agreement on the peaceful use of nuclear energy, the China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) and the US Department of Energy have jointly upheld a number of training activities, including a nuclear emergency medical rescue training program and a nuclear emergency consequence evaluation workshop. The Sino-Russian Sub-commission for Nuclear Issues was established within the framework of the Sino-Russian Prime Ministerial Regular Meeting, by which both sides conduct exchanges and cooperation in the field of nuclear emergency preparedness on a regular basis. Furthermore, China has been involved in relevant activities on a regular basis with France and ROK, establishing the Sino-French Commission on Nuclear Energy Cooperation and Coordination with France and Sino-Korean Joint Commission on Nuclear Energy Cooperation with ROK, respectively. In addition to assistingPakistanin building nuclear power stations, China has conducted extensive cooperation and exchanges with that country in the field of nuclear emergency preparedness. |
| 积极拓展多边合作。中国坚持合作共赢原则，与各国开展核应急领域合作与交流。中国国家领导人先后出席2010年华盛顿核安全峰会、2012年首尔核安全峰会、2014年海牙核安全峰会，呼吁国际社会加强核安全应急管理、提升核安全应急能力、增强各国人民对实现持久核安全、对核能事业造福人类的信心。中国国家原子能机构以各种形式与国际原子能机构开展交流与合作，2014年7月，在福建举办“严重核事故下核应急准备与响应”亚太地区培训班，为11个国家和地区的专家提供交流平台；2015年10月，在首次全球核应急准备与响应大会上，中国与90多个与会国家和10多个国际组织共同分享核应急准备与响应的成就，介绍中国核应急方针政策。中国通过亚洲核安全网络、亚洲核合作论坛、亚太地区核技术合作协定等机制，在地区合作交流中积极发挥作用。中国于2004年1月正式加入世界卫生组织辐射应急医学准备与救援网络。中国持续举办核应急领域国际学术交流活动。中日韩建立核事故及早通报框架和专家交流机制，定期开展相关领域合作与交流。 | Actively expanding multilateral cooperation. China conducts cooperation and exchange with other countries in the field of nuclear emergency preparedness, pursuing results that are beneficial to all involved. Chinese heads of state have appealed to the world community to strengthen nuclear safety and nuclear emergency preparedness management, enhance nuclear safety and nuclear emergency preparedness capabilities and boost the confidence of all peoples in achieving permanent nuclear security and the goal of nuclear energy benefiting mankind, at the 2010 Washington Nuclear Security Summit, 2012 Seoul Nuclear Security Summit and 2014 Hague Nuclear Security Summit. The CAEA andIAEAhave organized various forms of exchanges and cooperation, including "Nuclear Emergency Preparedness and Response under Circumstances of Severe Nuclear Accidents" training sessions for the Asia-Pacific Region held in July 2014 in China's Fujian, which served as a platform for exchanges among experts from 11 countries and regions. In October 2015, China shared its achievements in nuclear emergency preparedness and response with around 90 participating countries and a dozen international organizations, and briefed them China's policies concerning nuclear emergency preparedness at the First International Conference on Global Nuclear Emergency Preparation and Response. China plays an active role in regional exchange and cooperation through such mechanisms as the Asian Nuclear Safety Network (ANSN), Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia and Cooperation Agreement on Nuclear Technology in the Asia-Pacific Region. In January 2004, China officially joined the Radiation Emergency Medical Preparedness and Assistance Network of the World Health Organization (REMPAN). China itself has successively upheld international academic exchange activities in the field of nuclear emergency preparedness. China,Japanand ROK have established a framework of early notification of nuclear accidents and a mechanism of expert exchange for cooperation and exchange in the relevant fields on a regular basis. |
| 积极开展应对福岛核事故合作交流。中国是日本的近邻，对福岛核事故尤为关切。在第一时间启动核应急响应机制、开展本国应对工作的同时，积极履行《核事故或辐射紧急情况援助公约》国际义务，向日本政府表明提供辐射监测、医疗救护等援助的意愿。2011年5月，应日本政府邀请，中国组织专家代表团赴日本，就福岛核事故进行交流，提出处置意见建议。中国还选派权威专家参加国际原子能机构福岛核事故评估团，开展福岛核事故影响评估。福岛核事故发生后四年多来，中国政府机关、企事业单位、大专院校、科研院所，以各种形式与国际组织合作，总结探讨后福岛时代核应急领域重大问题。这些合作交流活动，既促进了中国核应急的改进提高，也促进了国际社会对福岛核事故的经验反馈。 | Actively carrying out cooperation and exchange in response to the Fukushima nuclear accident. As a close neighbor of Japan, China was especially concerned about the Fukushima nuclear accident. It immediately activated its nuclear emergency preparedness and response mechanism and countermeasures, while expressing willingness to the Japanese government to offer radiation monitoring and medical aid by fulfilling its international obligations under the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency. In May 2011, at the invitation of the Japanese government, China organized a delegation of experts to visit Japan to conduct focused exchanges with their Japanese counterparts on the Fukushima nuclear accident, and put forward suggestions for the handling of it. Furthermore, China dispatched senior experts to join the IAEA's Fukushima Nuclear Accident Assessment Team to evaluate the impact from the Fukushima accident. In the past four years or so since the Fukushima nuclear accident, Chinese government organs, enterprises and institutions, colleges and universities and R&D institutes have conducted various forms of collaboration with international organizations in summing up and discussing important issues in relation to post-Fukushima nuclear emergency preparedness. These activities not only have helped China improve its nuclear emergency work, but also have helped the international community in accessing experience feedback from the Fukushima nuclear accident. |
| 积极响应国际原子能机构核安全行动计划。福岛核事故后，国际原子能机构发布《核安全行动计划》，为国际社会改进核应急工作提供借鉴。中国参考新的标准和理念，全面改进国家核应急准备与响应工作；充实增加国家核安全核应急监管力量和技术支持力量；全面检查所有核设施营运单位核应急工作，按照新的标准完善应急措施；加强顶层设计，进行统筹规划，建立健全核应急能力体系。中国坚持采用最先进的技术、执行最严格的标准，全面提升核应急管理，努力把核应急提高到新水平。 | Actively responding to the IAEA's Action Plan on Nuclear Safety. The IAEA published the Action Plan on Nuclear Safety in the wake of the Fukushima nuclear accident to serve as reference for all countries in improving their respective nuclear emergency work. Consulting the new criteria and concepts, China has comprehensively improved its nuclear emergency preparation and response mechanism by enhancing supervision and technical support for national nuclear safety and nuclear emergency preparedness, conducting inspections on nuclear emergency work of all operators of nuclear installations, perfecting emergency measures in accordance with the new criteria and strengthening top-tier design and planning to establish a robust nuclear emergency preparedness capabilities system. China is endeavoring to upgrade its nuclear emergency work to a new level by persisting in using state-of-the-art technology, upholding the most rigorous criteria and enforcing nuclear emergency management in a comprehensive manner. |
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