Authorities went on red alert in April when Anonymous, an international group of "hacktivists", said it planned to destroy 46 websites run by enterprises, including five in China.
That same month, hackers from the Philippines defaced several Chinese websites and left insulting messages amid a dispute between Beijing and Manila over Huangyan Island.
Team GhostShell, another hacktivist group, also threatened in June to infiltrate government, education and medical websites in China.
Although there is a threat from abroad, Zhou added that "it is possible that someone in China could control an IP address or server overseas to launch an online attack on Chinese websites and computers".
An emergency response team, a department under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, has been monitoring the Internet since 1999.
Zhou said that some attacks are obvious, such as when a hacker "defaces" a Web page either to express an opinion or simply because they can.
"Many Chinese websites lack the capability to repel attacks which is why they are often broken into and tampered with," he said.
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