A Chinese businesswoman, dubbed the "Ivory Queen," has been charged in Tanzania with running a criminal network responsible for smuggling tusks from more than 350 elephants, according to court documents.

Yang Fenglan

Yang Fenglan, 66, was accused in commercial capital Dar es Salaam this week of smuggling 706 pieces of ivory between 2000 and 2004 worth 5.44 billion Tanzanian shillings (US$2.51 million).

Yang, a Swahili-speaker who has been in the east African nation since the 1970s, is secretary-general of the Tanzania China-Africa Business Council and owns a popular Chinese restaurant in Dar es Salaam, according to police sources.

Reporters were unable to reach the lawyer for Yang who was not allowed to enter a plea until the case resumes.

She is being held at the city's Segerea maximum security prison until a bail hearing on Monday. If convicted, she could face more than 20 years in jail.

In the court documents, prosecutors said Yang "intentionally did organize, manage and finance a criminal racket by collecting, transporting or exporting and selling government trophies" weighing a total of 1.889 tons.

The East African nation's elephant population shrank from 110,000 in 2009 to a little over 43,000 in 2014, according to a census released in June, with conservation groups blaming "industrial-scale" poaching.

Demand for ivory from fast-growing Asian economies such as China and Vietnam, where it is turned into jewelry and ornaments, has led to a spike in poaching across Africa.

Conservation of African big game has also been in the international spotlight in last few months since the killing of famed Zimbabwean lion Cecil by an American dentist sent shockwaves around the world.

In February, China, one of the world's biggest consumers of elephant tusks, announced a one-year ban on the import of African ivory carvings, but conservationists say corruption is fueling poaching in Tanzania.

The Elephant Action League, a US-based conservation group, said it believed Yang to be "the most notorious ivory trafficker brought to task so far."

"It's the news that we all have been waiting for, for years," its founder Andrea Crosta said in a statement.

"Finally, a high-profile Chinese trafficker is in jail. Hopefully she can lead us to other major traffickers and corrupt government officials," the statement said. "We must put an end to the time of the untouchables if we want to save the elephant."

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