Manga comics sweep Europe
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Often featuring movement that spills across an entire page, manga artists like to push creative boundaries, inventing entirely different worlds or delving deep into human emotions.
The comics themselves are read from right to left and printed mainly in black and white on smaller pages than European comics, which are usually in full color.
In Europe manga is an estimated 38-million-euro (US$56.5 million) market, according to the Japan External Trade Organization's latest data. This is but a fraction of Japan's 480 billion yen (US$5.3 billion) manga market, but its potential could be huge: Europe's population of 500 million dwarfs that of Japan's 126 million.
Recent trends suggest the manga market in Europe is expanding at a pace of 10-15 percent each year, according to data from JETRO and publishers.
Where manga may once have felt distinctly Japanese or weird, it is striding into the mainstream. As marketing executives in Asia explore its potential for product placement, the Japanese Embassy in London held a manga competition last year to recruit manga talent from beyond the country's borders.
Earlier this year, two of Japan's top three publishers, Shogakukan Inc and Shueisha Inc, moved to gain greater control over their manga and anime networks in Europe, buying out animation distributor KAZE as well as its VIZ Media subsidiary to tap into demand.
Disney-ABC Cable Networks Group in September announced a deal with VIZ to bring a NARUTO series to US TV audiences.
"It is 100 percent certain that manga is (going to be) established for a long long time," says Cedric Littardi, president of Paris-based KAZE.
"The readership of manga in numbers of people is increasing every single year in every single European country."
In Japan, manga is ubiquitous, read by young and old alike, with genres across the entire spectrum. From fantasy and pornography to archeology, cooking, pre-school and business strategy, it leaves few topics unexplored.
While "Tin Tin" offers complex mystery plots that can still enrapture adults, "Death Note" by writer Tsugumi Ohba and manga artist Takeshi Obata is a fiendishly complex psychological crime thriller that spans an arc of 108 chapters.
"The challenge is to get the hottest series around," says Peter Langedijk, buyer of manga titles at Amsterdam's ABC bookstore. Currently at the top of his list is "Vampire Knight" alongside perennial favorites such as "Dragon Ball" and "NARUTO."
As Van Gogh shows, manga's influence isn't new in Europe: The modern comics made their first major inroads with Katsuhiro Otomo's dystopian science fiction classic "Akira" 20 years ago.
"'Akira' was a turning point," says Paul Herman of French comics publisher Glenat. He, like many manga fans, distinguishes between the cult of the manga comic and the influence of manga-style art in anime, the poor-quality TV cartoons that have spawned countless children's TV programs.
"Some bookshops told me they would never sell manga. The perception of manga was clouded by anime on TV, where quality was bad," Herman says at the opening of the Belgian Comic Strip Center in Brussels.
But the fact that such anime from Japan as "Doraemon" have been available since the 1970s helped manga find a market.
"France, Italy and Spain all have long histories of anime broadcasting," says John Easum of KAZE. "For this reason the current generation of young parents is receptive to Japanese content."
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