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剖析翻译中的“望文生义”

二、词义理解不当

英语词汇中一词多义的情况是相当多的,如只知其一,不知其二,就会造成错误理解。勤查和细查词典(包括用英语解释英语的英英词典)才能避免;所谓勤查是多查几本词典,所谓细查是从头到尾地查阅,不厌其烦,才能扩大视野,并找到合适的词义。

1. For the balance of the section, let's speak in straightforward and elementary terms to describe the function and form of the electronic computer.

[误译] 为使这一节平衡起见,我们将用简单明了的术语来描述这种电子计算机的功能和形式。

[分析] 在《朗文当代英语词典》balance词条下可查到money or something else which remains or is left over,又见例句:May I take the balance of my holidays before the end of September?

[正译] 在本节的其余部分,我们将用简单明了的术语来描述这种电子计算机的功能和形式。

2. We have a sales force at present of twenty-four salesmen on the road, each with his own territory.

[误译] 目前我们有一支由24名外勤推销员组成的推销队正在途中,每人都有他们自己的推销领域。

[分析] 在商业英语中,on the road = away from home, in regular travel on business esp. as a traveling salesman (Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language),故salesmen on the road 作“外勤推销员”解。

[正译] 目前我们有一支由24名外勤推销员组成的推销队伍,每人有自己的推销地盘。

3. Sleeping late on weekends can also disrupt your circadian rhythm.

[误译] 周末迟睡也会打乱人体的日夜周期。

[分析] 此句sleeping late误译为“迟睡”即“睡得晚”、“晚睡,实际上它表示“起得晚”或“睡懒觉”。《从中式英语到英语》的作者Janet Adams 写道:“Remember that sleep late means to get up late and not go to bed late.

[正译] 周末睡懒觉也会打乱人体的日夜周期。

三、缺乏专业知识

科技翻译往往涉及众多领域,各种专业,为了提高翻译质量,译者不仅要熟练掌握英汉两门语言,而且也应具有一定的专业知识的素养。隔行如隔山,每个专业都有各自一套术语。

1. By the age of 19 Gauss had discovered for himself and proved a remarkable theorem in number theory known as the law of quadratic reciprocity.

[误译] 高斯十九岁已经独立地发现并证明了数理定理——二次互反律。

[分析] number theory 误为“数理”,系不了解专业所致,其实它在数学上是指“数论”,与“数理”是两个不同的概念。

[正译] ……并证明了数论中的一个卓越定理,名谓二次互反律。

2. Designed to predict the motions of heavenly bodies, it does its job with unbelievable accuracy -- better than one in a hundred million for the motion of the earth around the sun -- and it remains in daily use to predict the orbits of moons and planets, comets and spacecraft.

[误译] 这个旨在预测天体运行的理论,其准确性令人难以置信——以地球绕太阳运转为例,其误差仅略大于一亿分之一,并且时至今日仍然每日要用它来预测卫星和行星、慧星和航天器的运行轨道。

[分析] 原文并无“仅略”的含义,应删去。Better than 修饰accuracy,意为“准确度胜于”或“比……更为准确”,即“误差小于”。

[正译] ……,其误差小于一亿分之一,……。

3. When allowance is made for the separate auxiliary load the consumption can rise to nearly 1 Ib/SHP hour and this is generally about 20% better than the overall fuel consumption of a steam plant at cruising speed.

[误译] 当考虑分开的辅机负荷时,其耗油率几乎能增加到1/轴马力小时,一般来说比蒸汽装置的巡航总油耗大约多20%

[分析] 此处better than 用来修饰“油耗”时必然指油耗低,而不是指油耗高。

[正译] ……,一般来说,这是比蒸汽装置在巡航速度时的总油耗约低20%

(来源:catti.net.cn

 

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