But the truth is that despite heavy historical baggage and some acerbic nationalistic feelings, the two Asian giants cannot afford to let border issues overshadow their economic ties. China is India's biggest trading partner, with total trade between the two countries valued at nearly US$70 billion. The trade balance is tilted in China's favor, as India's trade deficit with it has soared to over US$40 billion. India will try to use this visit to leverage ties in its favor by building commercial relations and luring surplus Chinese investment to India.

The improvement of ties between China and India is extremely important for the region and the world. The two countries have taught the world a lesson in diplomacy by putting festering issues on the backburner, allowing these two rivals to explore joint interests and build economic ties, even while their armies stand on either side of a border staring each other down.

Pakistan, which has excellent ties with China and abysmal ties with India, should closely watch how its two mighty neighbors build trust and enact measures which were unthinkable a few decades ago. Xi's visit is also a test case for Modi to resolve the contradictions of his double role as a representative of fundamentalist lobbies in India and as a statesman for the world. He cannot ride on two horses at the same time. There are reports from India that Modi's allies in extremist groups in India have become bolder since he assumed power. He will have to keep them in check if he wants to stand toe to toe with China.

The visit of the Chinese leader will boost Modi's image when he goes to America later this month for a meeting with President Barack Obama, who shunned Modi for years due to the allegations about his role in the Gujarat killings.

The writer is a Pakistan-based analyst.

Opinion articles reflect the views of their authors, not necessarily those of China.org.cn.

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